The next two days of the Impact Challenge will cover the biggest social media platforms on the planet: Twitter and Facebook.
Twitter is a microblogging site with 560 million active users, and more than 1 in 40 researchers are reportedly active on the site.
Scientists who use Twitter tend to be effusive in their praise: Twitter helps them stay on top of news in their field, find new publications, get speaking and publishing opportunities, communicate their research directly to the public, and–perhaps most importantly–find a sense of community. In fact, among researchers who use social media in a professional context, 83% declared Twitter to be the most useful tool they use.
Today, weâll explore Twitterâs usefulness for you. Weâll get you onto the site, engaging others, finding the best sources of information in your field, and measuring the diffusion of your research among other researchers and the public.
Sign up
Creating a Twitter account is dead simple: logon to Twitter.com and sign up for an account.
On the next screen, youâll be prompted by Twitter to choose a handle–make it similar to your blog handle or your name, so your professional âbrandâ matches across platforms.
Complete the rest of the setup steps–find other users to follow and connect your email account to import other contacts–then head to your email to confirm your account.
All done? Now itâs time to do the important stuff.
Personalize your account
First, add a photo to your âavatarâ by clicking the blue camera icon in the upper left-hand corner, next to your name. Make it simple by adding the same photo that you used for LinkedIn or your website; itâs easy change if you want to add another photo in the future.
Next, add a short bio. This is your chance to explain who you are in 160 characters or less. LSE Impact Blog recommends stating your experience and research interests, university or organizational affiliation, and a link to your blog. We also recommend adding a few hashtags (more on those in a moment) that can connect you to other users with similar interests across the platform. For example, Iâve added â#libraries #altmetrics #craftbeerâ to my bio.
To add your bio, click on your username beside your avatar and on your profile page, click the âEdit Profileâ button the right-hand side of your profile. There, you can add your bio and a link to your blog or website.
Got your basic account set up? Now itâs time to start engaging with other scientists and the public.
Find people to follow
Twitter users share research articles, news, and tidbits about their lives on a daily basis. Your next step is to find users who share your interests and to âfollowâ them to start receiving their updates.
Twitter tries to make it as easy as possible for you to find other people to follow via the âWho to Followâ panel on the righthand side of your profile, seen above. Their recommendations are usually either spot on (you can see above theyâve suggested OpenScience for me) or completely off the mark (they suggested WomensHealthMag to me based only on the fact that Iâm female and that I selected âHealthâ as one of my interests upon signing up–under the mistaken assumption that âHealthâ = âHealthcareâ). The more people you follow, though, the better their system gets at finding you new suggestions. Click on the âView allâ link in the âWho to followâ panel to get a long list of suggested users.
Another great way to find people to follow is to search Twitter for particular interests. From any page on Twitter, type a keyword into the Search box at the upper right-hand corner of the page. On the results page, click âPeopleâ in the left-hand navigation bar to narrow the results to Twitter users who match your interest.
You can see here that Iâve searched for the term âbioinformaticsâ and narrowed the results to include Twitter users who match that term:
Read through the search results, keeping an eye out for familiar names and interesting bios. When you find a user you want updates from, click the âFollowâ button to the right of their bio. Now, when youâre on your homepage youâll see their recent updates:
There are several other good ways to find people to follow:
- Take a look at who others are following (on their profile, click âFollowingâ) and follow them,
- Find curated Twitter Lists on the profiles of those you follow, like these lists for Scientists and STEM Academics (click âListsâ on their profile pages, then scan the lists theyâve created to find ones relevant to your area of research), and
- Watch the updates on your Twitter homepage for unfamiliar names–chances are that someone has âretweetedâ (shared someone elseâs update with their audience) a user that youâd be interested in getting updates from.
Try to follow at least twenty colleagues and organizations in your field to begin with, and take some time to read through each userâs âtimelineâ (updates on their profile page) to learn more about them and their interests. Youâre going to start chatting with your colleagues in our next step.
Making connections on Twitter
Now we get into the meat of the challenge: making connections with others in your field.
One of the things that makes Twitter so great is that it is a no-pressure forum to spark conversations with your colleagues about a variety of topics, including but not limited to your shared area of study. Twitter also helps you find members of the public who are interested in your area of study.
Researchers who participated in a recent study of academicsâ use of social media reportedly appreciate Twitter because:
- âLove the ability to chat to colleagues on Twitter, better than seeing each other just once a year at conferences and actually I have âmetâ people on Twitter before meeting them IRL at conference.â
- âMy focus is science outreach to general audiences. These formats [Facebook, Twitter, Storify] are easy to use and my audiences are there. It helps me disseminate information about science, science news and the process of science to broader audiences.â
- âTwitter allows me to make connections to folks that I would not otherwise have – journalists, policy professionals.â
Youâre going to engage with others by tweeting at them–writing short messages that either respond to one of their updates, ask questions, or share information with them. Letâs talk now about what makes for good âtweeting.â
Basics of composing a tweet
Tweets are the 140 character messages that users compose to update others on a variety of things: their opinions on a study, recent news, a thought-provoking blog post, and so on. You can write anything in your updates, and attach photos and location information, too.
Some things you might want to share with others include:
- recent papers in your field (both papers youâve written and othersâ articles)
- news and blog posts relevant to your discipline (science policy, funding announcements, articles from Nature News, New Scientist, the Impactstory blog, and your other favorite sources of information)
- your opinion on developments in your field, othersâ research, and so on (donât be afraid to (respectfully) rock the boat)
- a funny thing that happened in your lab, at a conference, or in the classroom
- happenings from your personal life (are you enjoying your vacation? Did you meet a wallaby for the first time in your life? Are you proud of your most recent 5k race time?)
No matter what you tweet about, there are some basic things you can do to make your tweets more interesting to others (and thus more likely to be shared via a retweet):
- use hashtags (a word or phrase that follows the â#â sign, like â#scicommâ or â#tenureâ)
- attach a photo to your tweet (when composing a tweet, click the âAdd photoâ camera icon and upload a picture from your computer),
- consider following the 5-3-2 rule: social media experts recommend that for every 10 updates you post, 5 should be content from others that are relevant to your followers, 3 should be professional content, and 2 should be personal updates
When in doubt, just remember to keep it professional and you canât really go wrong.
Tweeting at conferences
Now that youâre tweeting, letâs explore some of the benefits (and drawbacks) to tweeting at conferences.
Some academics swear by tweeting at conferences, because it provides an easy way to learn new things and meet new people by following and participating in conversations. As Bik & Goldstein explain,
Tweeting from conferences (discussing cutting-edge research developments, linking to journal articles or lab websites, e.g., …) can introduce other scientists to valuable content, and consequently provide networking opportunities for users who actively post during meetings…Journalists and scientists following a conference tweet stream may be additionally introduced to new groups of researchers (particularly early-career scientists or those scientists who are new to Twitter) with relevant and related interests; conference tweeting can thus serve to enhance in-person networking opportunities by expanding these activities to online spheres.
Further, Jonathan Lawson points out that it allows students and early career researchers, in particular, to participate in a âbackchannelâ thatâs not dominated by the most established researchers, like the conferences themselves sometimes are.
The next time youâre attending a conference, find out what the meetingâs hashtag is, and then search for and follow it to âlisten inâ on the conversation. (We searched for and followed tweets for #EuroSciPy, at right.) A popular way to follow conference hashtags is TweetChat, which filters out the non-conference tweets in your timeline, making conference-related tweets easier to follow.
And when youâre ready to participate, you can add your voice by writing tweets that include the conference hashtag. When youâre listening to a talk, summarize the main points for your followers, add your own commentary to the speakerâs, and share related papers and websites. Just make sure you have the presentersâ permission to tweet about their talk; some would prefer to keep their findings off the internet until they have published on them.
You can also tweet using the conference hashtag to organize informal âtweetupsâ, which can help build relationships and ward off boredom in unfamiliar cities (âInvigorated after Stoddenâs great keynote! Anyone up for grabbing a coffee before the reception to talk about it? #meeting2014â).
For more âhow toâsâ on conference tweeting, check out SouthernFriedScienceâs primer on tweeting at conferences.
Measuring your success
Twitterâs new Analytics dashboard can help you measure the success of your outreach efforts.
Logon to Twitter Analytics and review your latest tweets that share links to your blog or your papers. On the dashboard view (pictured above), youâll see all of your tweets and a summary of your impressions and engagements.
The number of impressions are time your tweets appeared on someoneâs timelines. The number of engagements are the number of times your tweets have been retweeted, clicked through, or clicked on to learn more information about what you shared. They help you measure the amount of exposure youâre receiving and othersâ interest in what youâre tweeting, respectively.
The dashboard view is good at summarizing your impressions and engagements over various time periods. The default view is for the past 28 days, but you can click the calendar button in the upper right hand corner to select a date range of your choosing–useful if you want to see what effect tweeting at a conference had upon the amount of exposure youâre getting, for example.
To see the drill-down engagement metrics for a specific tweet, click on the tweet. Youâll see something like this:
In addition to simple engagement and impression metrics, LSE Impact Blog also recommends recording the following:
At the end of each month, Twitter can be used as a painless metric to assess how your tweeting is working for you and your project. Showing the growth in your followers and the number of people who read your research blog can also be helpful for funding applications. You could make short notes on the following:
- The number of followers you have
- The names of those who could be useful for future collaboration
- Invitations to write blog posts or speak at events, which have come via Twitter
- Number of hits to your own blog posts via Twitter
Over time, you can build upon what youâve learned from your Twitter metrics, tweeting more content that your followers will love, in a manner that will engage them the most.
Limitations
Twitter is, like many of the other platforms weâve covered so far, a for-profit company. Though itâs technically free to use, you pay for your account by allowing Twitter show ads in your timeline and access and sell your personal data to other companies.
Twitter has also recently announced plans to experiment with usersâ timelines, meaning that the uncensored, time-based updates you see on your homescreen could soon be replaced with updates selected by an algorithm. Thatâs something that Facebook currently does, and it led to a near blackout on updates for its users about one of the biggest news items of the year in the US: the Ferguson protests.
What could it mean for you? Well, if Twitterâs future algorithms inadvertently decide that your tweets about H1N1 studies or field research or science funding arenât compelling to your users, it could remove them from othersâ homepages, killing potential conversations and connections.
Homework
For todayâs homework, youâre going to find other researchers to engage and begin tweeting in earnest.
We recommend following 20 people to begin with, adding a few each day using the techniques described above (keyword searches, Twitter lists, and following researchers that your colleagues are following). Aim to follow at least 100 people by the end of the month.
In the next few days, as you start to get a few followers, take some time to learn more about them. Using the Twitter Analytics âFollowersâ dashboard, check out their interests, what countries your followers are tweeting from, and who else theyâre following–this can be a great source of new people to follow!
Finally, commit to tweeting at least 20 times over the next week. It will help populate your timeline, which will make others more likely to follow you. Share at least one of your own blog posts, one of your articles, and engage someone else in conversation.
If tweeting that often seems like a lot–donât worry! The day after next, weâll show you how to automate your social media updates using tools like Buffer and Tweetdeck. But first, weâll cover whether using Facebook in a professional context is right for you during tomorrowâs Impact Challenge.